Favorite Figure ( Umar bin Khattab )

Umar bin Abdul Uzza bin Nafiel or better known as Umar bin Khattab (581 - November 644) (عمر ابن الخطاب) is one of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad who also was the second Caliph of Islam (634-644). Umar also was among four people who were classified as Caliph Caliph who were given instructions (the first four caliphs).

Umar was born in Mecca city of the tribe of Bani Adi, one of the groups Quraysh tribe, the largest tribe in Mecca at that time. His father was Khattab ibn Al Shimh Nufail Al Quraisyi and mother Hantamah bint Hashim. Umar had a nickname given by Muhammad, Al-Faruk meaning people who can distinguish between truth and falsehood.

Umar families belonging to the middle-class family, he could read and write, which at that time was something rare. Umar was also known for his strong physique where he was a champion wrestler in Mecca.

Before embracing Islam, Umar is a very respected and revered by the inhabitants of Mecca, as is the tradition which is run by the ignorance of Mecca at that time, also Umar buried his daughter alive as part of a custom implementation of Mecca is still barbaric. After embracing Islam under Muhammad, Umar reportedly regretted his actions and realizes his folly when it is as narrated in a hadith "I cried when digging the grave for my daughter. Him forward and then comb my beard".

Umar also known as a heavy drinker, some records say that in pre-Islamic, Umar like to drink wine. After becoming a Muslim, he does not touch alcohol at all, even though the ban has not lowered to drink alcohol (intoxicants) firmly.

Embrace Islam

When Muhammad spread Islam openly in Mecca, Umar reacted very antipathy to it, some accounts say that the Muslims when it recognizes that Omar is the most of their opponents into account, this is because Umar that already has an excellent reputation as a war strategist and a very formidable warrior in every battle he went through. Umar was also noted as the most numerous and most often uses his powers to torture the followers of Muhammad.

At the height of his hatred against the teachings of Muhammad, Umar decided to try to kill Muhammad, however, when on his way he met with one of the followers of Muhammad ibn Abdullah named Nu'aim which later gave him the news that Umar's sister had embraced Islam, the teachings brought by Muhammad who want to kill the time. Because of the news, Umar was shocked and went home with the intent to punish her sister, her sister met Umar narrated that it was reading the Koran (verses 1-8 Thoha letter), he increasingly resented that and hit his sister. When he saw his sister bled by the blow he was sorry, and then requested that the readings he could see, Umar narrated be shaken by what he read, some time after the incident stated Umar Islam, of course, things that have always made membelanyani almost the whole of Mecca surprised because someone famous loudest and most vicious against the torture of Muhammad's followers embrace the hated teaching, consequently Umar expelled from the association of Mecca and he becomes less or no longer respected by the leaders of Quraish who is known always defend him.

Life in Medina

In the year 622 AD, Umar was with Muhammad and other Muslims migrate (migration) (to Yathrib (now Medina). He was also involved in the battle of Badr, Uhud, Khaybar and the attack on Syria. At 625 years, his daughter (Hafsah) married to Prophet Muhammad. He is regarded as one of the most respected by the Muslims at that time because in addition to reputation which is well known since pre-Islamic times, also because he was known as a leading man who always defend Muhammad and Islam at every opportunity he even without doubt against his old comrades who had come with them he tortured his followers of Muhammad.

The death of the Prophet Muhammad

By the time news of the death of the Prophet Muhammad on June 8, 632 AD (12 Rabi al-Awwal, 10 Hijri) in Medina until the Muslims as a whole, Umar was reported as one of the most shaken up over the incident, they are blocking anyone bathe or prepare the body for burial. As a result of the shock he received, Umar insisted that Muhammad was not die but merely unconscious, and will come back at any time.

Abu Bakar who heard the news rushed back from Medina, he met Umar was holding other Muslims and then say ("Gentlemen! Anyone wants to worship Muhammad, Muhammad has died., But whoever wants to worship God, God is always alive never die. ")

Abu Bakar reminded the Muslims that are being shaken, including Umar then, that Muhammad, like them, is an ordinary man, Abu Bakr then recited verses from the Qur'an and try to remind them back to the teachings of Muhammad taught that mortality being created. After the incident of Umar gave up and let the preparation for burial implemented. heaven forbid

The caliphate of Abu Bakar

During the caliphate of Abu Bakar, Umar is one of the advisors head. After the death of Abu Bakr in 634, Umar appointed to replace Abu Bakr as caliph second in the history of Islam.
Became caliph

During the reign of Umar, the rule of Islam is growing very rapidly. Islam took over Mesopotamia and part of the Persian Sassanid dynasty of Persian hand (an end to the Sassanid Empire) and took over Egypt, Palestine, Syria, North Africa and Armenia from the Roman Empire (Byzantium). At that time there were two superpower, namely the Persian and Roman. But both have been conquered by the Islamic Caliphate led by Umar.

History records many great battles that became the beginning of this conquest. At the battle of Yarmuk, which took place near Damascus in 636, 20 thousand Muslim troops defeated the Roman army which reached 70 thousand and end of Roman rule in the southern part of Asia Minor. Islamic forces in small quantities to get the victory over the Persians in larger quantities in the battle Qadisiyyah (636 th), near the Euphrates river. In that battle, the general of the Islamic forces Sa `ad ibn Abi Waqqas defeated the Sassanid army and killed the famous Persian general Rustam Farrukhzad.

In 637, after a long siege against Jerusalem, the Islamic forces eventually take over the city. Umar was given the key to enter the city by Sophronius, and invited the pastor to pray in the church (Church of the Holy Sepulchre). Umar chose to pray elsewhere so as not to harm the church. 55 years later, the Mosque of Umar established his place of prayer.

Umar perform many administrative reforms and closely control public policy, including building administration system for the newly conquered areas. He also ordered the holding of a census throughout the Islamic empire. In 638, he was ordered to expand and renovate the Grand Mosque in Mecca and the Prophet's Mosque in Medina. He also started the process of codifying Islamic law.

Omar is known of his simple life style, rather than adopt the lifestyle and appearance of the rulers of that era, he remains a very simple life.

In about the year to 17 Hijri, the fourth year his caliphate, Umar decreed that the Islamic calendar should be counted when events begin to migrate.

The murder of Umar bin Khatab

Before sunrise Wednesday was the fourth of Dhul-Hijjah 23 Hijri year Umar out of his house about to lead the morning prayer. He pointed to several people at the mosque in order to arrange saf before prayer. If their ranks are already flat and regular, he came and saw the first saf. If there are people who stand more forward or backward, arranged with his cane. When all is orderly in their respective places, he began to pray bertakbir. At that time and that day dawn signs have started to appear. Just as he was about to begin prayer intentions bertakbir suddenly a man appeared in front of her face to face and stabbed him with a Khanjar three or six times, once on the bottom of the navel. Umar felt the heat in her arms, she turned to another congregation and stretches out his hands and said: "Pursue the dog; he has killed me! "And the dog was Abu Lu'lu'ah Fairuz, al-Mugirah slaves. He was a Persian captive in Nahawand, which then belonged to al-Mugirah bin Syu'bah. His visit to the Mosque of Umar was about to kill it accidentally in the early morning. He was hiding under her clothes with any part of the middle holding a sharp-edged Khanjar. He hid in one corner of the mosque. Once the prayer begins he sprang into action. Then he pushed a run about to save themselves. People uproar and chaotic, anxious to hear it. The crowds came and beat the dog was about to catch it. But do not give Fairuz a chance to catch it. Instead, he stabbed the right to the left until there are twelve people who get pierced, six people died said one source and another source said nine people. In the meantime, come from behind and menyelubungkan a shirt to the man as he slammed into the floor. Sure she must be killed, Fairuz suicide by stabbing Amirulmukminin Khanjar used.
Stab her belly button is on the bottom it has decided the inner layers of the skin and gastrointestinal which can be deadly. It is said that Umar could not stand because of the pain of the stab, and crashing falls. Abdur-Rahman bin Auf forward immediately replace lead the prayers. He continued the prayer that by reading two shortest sura in the Quran: Al-Asr and Al-Kausar. There is also said that people become chaotic after Umar was wounded and several others around it. They increasingly agitated after seeing Umar carried to his house near the mosque. People still crowded and chaotic cacophony that there are exclaimed: Salat! The sun was rising! They encourage Abdur-Rahman bin Auf and he advanced to the prayers of the two shortest sura.

The second source is certainly more acceptable. In the chaotic atmosphere that ranks people to prayer is no going back regularly again, while lying Amirulmukminin blood streaming down in front of them, and the blood of the people who also had pierced wander around them, and also the killer is dying in the middle of them! If the - with the pain of the stab a few times - we can imagine Umar was thinking to ask Abdur-Rahman bin Auf replace prayer - a thing can be imagined much sense - we can not imagine the time people can set them in a row while the uncertainty of the atmosphere and fear. Of course, when it was Umar had brought to his home near the mosque in a state of conscious or passed out because of the enormity of the stab and the people around it when it was brought in to his family. People affected pierced and taken out of the mosque or transferred to the surrounding, already given relief. Fairuz also removed the corpse and brought to Butaiha. After the people returned to the mosque and talk about the incident until then there are people who remind them of their prayers. That's when they asked Abdur-Rahman bin Auf to lead the prayers.

Umar asked who killed him?

Umar was stretched on the bed waiting Ibn Abbas returned with the answer to the question is that, while awaiting the arrival of a physician who was asked by her family. After Ibn Abbas back and delivered what many people are saying it, and also that the stab describes Abu Lu'lu'ah and who also stabbed several people then stabbed himself, Umar said: "Thank God that I was not killed by Muslims. No way the Arabs will kill me! "

After coming from the Arabian hinterland physician he poured wine to Umar. The same wine out of time with the blood of the umbilical scar below. Abdullah bin Umar summoned a physician from the Ansar and the other from Banu Mu'awiyah. He poured milk to 'Umar, and that out of the milk his scar too, the white, the color did not change. Then he said: Amirulmukminin, berwasiatlah! That can be ascertained Umar will die. Umar said: You convinced me, the Banu Mu'awiyah. If it's not what you say, surely I say you lie. Hearing the words of the doctor they are present in tears, because they feel anxious. But Umar said: "Do not weep for us. Those who want to quit crying. Did you hear the word Prophet sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam: The body will get doom because mourned her family! "

This incident occurred on Wednesday, 25 Dhu al-Hijjah 23 AD After his death H/644 positions held by the caliph Uthman.

During Umar Umar is alive leaving a will that is:

1.   If you find a blemish on someone and you want chided him, then cacilah yourself. Because celamu more from him.

2.   Whenever you want to antagonize someone, then musuhilah stomach first. Since there is no more dangerous enemy to you other than the stomach.

3.  Whenever you want to praise someone, praise God. Because no human being more in giving you softer and more polite to you than Allah.

4.  If you want to leave something, then leave the pleasure of the world. Because if you leave it, it means you are commendable.

5. When you are getting ready for something, then bersiplah to die. Because if you are not prepared to die, you will suffer, loss, and full of regret.

6.  Whenever you want to demand something, then Seek the hereafter. Because you will not get it except to look for it.

 

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